We often assume that knowledge, intelligence, and education are the safeguards against cruelty, tyranny, and moral failure. But history—and our current moment—tell a different story. Some of the most articulate, highly educated people have been among the most enthusiastic followers of dictators. Some of the most gifted artists and intellectuals have remained willfully blind to suffering, even as they wielded brilliant minds.
Why? Because character is not forged by intellect. It is forged in the crucible of early emotional experience.
I recently watched a video of James O’Brien reacting to Trump’s latest flurry of faux pas, and I found myself thinking not about politics in the conventional sense, but about something deeper: what kind of emotional wiring allows a person—or a nation—to elect a malignant narcissist to the highest office? My own comment on the video tried to articulate this:
“I think Trump likely has a learning disability himself—but that’s not the real issue. The real issue is that he’s a dangerously repressed individual who has developed into a full-blown malignant narcissist and sociopath, utterly devoid of empathy. I’m extremely dyslexic, but I see myself and others clearly—so I know this isn’t about intelligence. The problem is emotional blindness. Trump and his supporters seem to lack it entirely; otherwise, they never would have voted him into the highest office and put the entire world in such a dangerous position. Sexism and racism come with a very high price. We’re all paying it.”
That comment brought to mind the work of Alice Miller, the Swiss psychologist who spent her career tracing the roots of violence, tyranny, and emotional deadness back to childhood. Miller understood something that our culture often refuses to see: the capacity for empathy, for ethical clarity, for resistance to authoritarianism—these are not gifts of IQ. They are gifts of emotional freedom.
The Formation of Character
As Miller writes:
“We do not arrive in this world as a clean slate. Every new baby comes with a history of its own, the history of the nine months between conception and birth. In addition, children have the genetic blueprint they inherit from their parents. These factors may help determine what kind of a temperament a child will have, what inclinations, gifts, and predispositions. But character depends crucially upon whether a person is given love, protection, tenderness, and understanding or exposed to rejection, coldness, indifference, and cruelty in the early formative years.”
The stimulus for empathy is the experience of being empathized with. In the absence of that—when a child is neglected, emotionally starved, or subjected to abuse—the innate capacity for empathy atrophies. Neurologist Dr. Bruce D. Perry has shown that traumatized and neglected children can display lesions affecting up to 30 percent of the brain regions that control emotion. Severe early trauma floods the developing brain with stress hormones that destroy newly formed neurons and their connections.
This is not merely a personal tragedy. It is a public danger.
Why Intelligence Is Not Enough
One of Miller’s most unsettling insights is that intelligence, without emotional freedom, does not protect us from corruption—it simply makes us better at rationalizing it. She writes:
“Our capacity to resist has nothing to do with our intelligence but with the degree of access to our true self. Indeed, intelligence is capable of innumerable rationalizations when it comes to the matter of adaptation.”
She cites the example of Martin Heidegger, one of the most brilliant philosophers of the 20th century, who was able to break with traditional philosophy but could not see the contradictions in Hitler’s ideology. His intellectual independence in one domain coexisted with infantile submissiveness in another—because the early pattern of obedience to tyrannical authority had never been consciously faced and resolved.
This is the danger of what Miller called “poisonous pedagogy” —the widespread practice of breaking a child’s will in the name of discipline, creating adults who will, as she puts it, “cooperate with the penal system” and “carry out any form of torture or persecution without having a guilty conscience.”
Creativity Does Not Resolve Trauma
One of the most persistent illusions in our culture is that creative expression is a form of healing. Miller is emphatic on this point:
“It is a great mistake to imagine that one can resolve traumas in a symbolic fashion. If that were possible, poets, painters, and other artists would be able to resolve their pain through creativity. This is not the case, however. Creativity helps us channel the pain of trauma into symbolic acts; it doesn’t help us resolve it.”
She uses dictators as her example: if symbolic revenge worked, they would eventually stop tormenting others. But because they deceive themselves about who their hatred truly belongs to—their own childhood perpetrators—they remain trapped in an insatiable hunger for revenge, endlessly acting it out on a global stage.
Seeing Clearly Requires Courage, Not Just Intelligence
This is why judging people by their character—by their emotional honesty, their capacity for self-reflection, their willingness to face painful truths—matters more than judging them by their credentials, their talents, or their public personas.
As I wrote in a blog post years ago, responding to the wave of revelations about men like Bill Cosby who hid behind fame and talent:
“Having special talents is wonderful and it’s okay to cash in your talents for a living, but when people hide behind their talents, fame and money to hide their own personal truth and keep themselves and others distracted from the truth and facts then you are misusing your talents and contributing for the lies to spread and silently or covertly you are part of all the violence and atrocities we are witnessing in our world.”
Miller once wrote to a reader who had survived horrific childhood abuse with her clarity and courage intact, expressing gratitude that “the lively, brave and bright little girl” had “remained sound to keep the full clarity and the unusual courage in order TO SEE and TO ACCUSE, without ‘buts,’ without illusions, without self-betrayal.”
That is the hallmark of genuine character: the refusal of “buts.” The refusal to excuse cruelty because the perpetrator is charismatic, or talented, or on “my side.” The refusal to look away.
The Price of Emotional Blindness
We are living through a time when the price of emotional blindness has become impossible to ignore. Sexism and racism, as I noted in my original comment, are not merely personal prejudices—they are the predictable outcomes of unresolved childhood repression, acted out on a collective scale. When a nation elevates a man devoid of empathy to its highest office, it is not a failure of education. It is a failure of emotional development, magnified millions of times over.
Miller’s insight is both sobering and, in its own way, hopeful: “The unconscious compulsion to revenge repressed injuries is more powerful than reason. That is the lesson that all tyrants teach us. One should not expect judiciousness from a mad person motivated by compulsive panic. One should, however, protect oneself from such a person.”
Protecting ourselves—and future generations—requires more than policy debates or intellectual arguments. It requires the courage to look at childhood honestly: our own, and the childhoods of those who now hold power. It requires recognizing that a person who cannot feel their own pain will inevitably inflict it on others. And it requires building a world where children are no longer broken in the name of obedience—because the character that results is the character that destroys us all.
Character matters. It always has. It always will.
Just like I wrote in my book A Dance to Freedom, pages 75, 76, and 173, “The extremes to which people go to avoid facing the pain of their own truth — even though such a confrontation would set them free — will never cease to amaze me. “To many people,” Alice Miller says, “it seems easier to take medication, to smoke, drink alcohol..., preach, educate or treat others, and prepare wars than expose themselves to their own painful truth. …Society is on the side of the status quo, so be prepared. As Alice Miller writes in Free from Lies, going against the parents “is a source of major alarm for others …They will sometimes mobilize all the forces at their command to discredit the former victim and thus keep their own repression intact.”
This is why I keep getting targeted by dangerously repressed people after I published my book. My book is a mirror to the abusers and the enablers, and they don't like their own reflections, so they mobilize all their forces at their command to destroy me and discredit me; they would rather see me dead, in jail, or in a mental hospital than face their own repression, lies, and illusions.





